AP Biology high school course help

[redman]

Hey guys, my instructor gave me the following assignment and told me to attempt answering these questions at home for extra credit. It is regarding fruit flies, and these are the three questions:

(a) Determine the genotypes of the original parents (P generation) and explain your reasoning. You may use Punnett squares to enhance your description, but the results from the Punnett squares must be discussed in your answer.

(b) Use a Chi-squared test on the F2 generation data to analyze your prediction of the parental genotypes. Show all your work and explain the importance of your final answer.

(c) The brown-eyed female in the F1 generation resulted from a mutational change. Explain what a mutation is, and discuss two types of mutations that might have produced the brown-eyed female in the F1 generation.

…these questions can be found at this website…

http://www.spacerad.com/lara/apbiology/essay/2003.html

I would really appreciate if someone can help me answer them. Thanks in advance.

Kenneth

[mith]

The mutation one is easy. Mutations happen due to natural causes such as cosmic radiation, free radicals or simply errors in DNA transcription. When the DNA sequence is changed, a mutation has occurred. One cause would be deletion in the transcription process, that’s when a base pair has been deleted. Another cause would be substitution where one base is substituted for another. These cause different proteins to form and possibly color pigmentation changes.

[Author]

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