Hi Just wondering if somebody could tell me in a very basic way how D and R2 are actually physically measured?

I know that D is based on recombination rate…….but do you need to test pedigree data for allele frequencies in order to discover it?

R2 is based on statistic analysis ….. but is this stat analysis of allele frequencies in unrelated individuals? 😉

….anything – a one word answer will do
Thanks in advance!!