Please, check my answers!

1. Describe four types of vegetative reproduction in plants, and give an example of each.

My answer: Many of the structures by which plants reproduce vegetatively are modified stems, such as runners, bulbs, corms, and rhizomes. A runner is a horizontal, above-ground stem such as Bermuda grass. A bulb is a very short stem with thick, fleshy leaves. Onions, daffodils, and tulips are only a few examples of these bulbs. Interestingly, a corm is a very short, thickened, underground stem with tin, scaly leaves. Gladiolus and crocus are both corms. And lastly, rhizomes are horizontal underground stems. They include iris, fern, and sugar cane.

2. Classify methods of reproduction in kalanchoes as sexual or asexual.

A: Methods of reproduction in kalanchoes are asexual.

3. List four ways that seeds have influenced the evolution of plants on land.

A: After vascular tissue, the seed was the next important adaptation to appear in plants. Seeds have influenced the evolution of plants on land as they offer a plant’s offspring several survival advantages. They protect and nourish a plant’s embryo, disperse the offspring, and delay the growth of the embryo until conditions are favorable.

4. Summarize how plants are adapted to living successfully on land.

A: Plants are adapted to living successfully on land because of multicellularity. It enabled plants to develope featues that helped them live more successfully on land. These features included the ability to absorb nutrients from their surroundings, the ability to prevet their bodies from drying out, and the ability to reproduce without wate to transmit sperm.

5. Describe two basic differences between nonvascular plants and vascular plants.

A: Vascular plants have a system of well-developed tissues that transport water within a plant. The nonvascular plants lack a vascular system. They also lack true roots, stems, and leaves, wherease vascular plants do not.

6. Identify three key features of each of the four major groups of plants.

A: Nonvascular plants–small size, larger gametophyte, require water for sexual reproduction; seedless vascular plants–vascular system, larger sporophyte, drought-resistant spores; gymnosperms–seeds, greatly reduced gametophytes, wind pollination; angiosperms–flowers, fruits, endosperm.

7. Classify each of the following plants as one of the four major groups of plants: pine trees, carnations, sphagnum moss, and wood fern.

A: Pine trees–gymnosperms; carnations–angiosperms; sphagnum moss–nonvascular plants; wood fern–seedless vascular plants.

8. Why are angiosperms said to be the most successful group of plants?

A: Angiosperms are said to be the most sucessful group of plants because of their key features–flowers, fruits, and endosperm. Their flowers promote pollination and fertilization, attract insects and other animals that carry pollen, and increase the likelihood of cross-pollination. The female reproductive part of a flower also provides a pathway that enables sperm to reach and fertilize eggs without swimming through water. Their fruits provide some protection for developing seeds, although their primary function is to promote seed dispersal. And in many angiosperms, the edosperm is absorbed by the embryo before the seeds mature.

9. Describe several ways in which wood is used.

A: Wood is a source of wood plup used for making paper, lumber used for building materials, and fuel for heating and cooking.

10. Name two types of plants that provide fiber used in clothing.

A: Cotton and flax provide fiber used in clothing.

11. List five medicines that derived from plants, and state how each is used.

A: Caffeine, originally derived from tea leaves, acts as a stimulant. Codeine, derived from poppy fruits, relieves pain. Cortisone, derived from yam tubers, relieves symptoms of allergies. Ephedrine, derived from ephedra stems, acts as an decongestant. Taxol, derived from yew tree bark, reduces the size of cancerous tumors.